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Pertanyaan

Hadas Kecil, Pertengahan, dan Besar

Jawaban:

 Pembagian Hadats


Semenjak kecil kita mendengar dari guru-guru kita bahwa hadats ada dua. Yaitu hadats kecil dan hadats besar. Hadats kecil adalah hadats yang sesucinya mengharuskan wudlu'. Sedangkan hadats besar adalah hadats yang sesucinya mengharuskan mandi.


Akan tetapi apabila kita detailkan lagi, kita akan menemukan hadats terbagi menjadi tiga:

1. Hadats kecil alias hadats ashghar. Yaitu hadatsnya yang disebabkan semisal buang air kecil, kentut, dll.

2. Hadats pertengahan alias hadats mutawassith. Yaitu hadatsnya orang junub.

3. Hadats besar alias hadats akbar. Yaitu hadatsnya orang haid dan nifas.


Hadats kecil wajib wudlu'. Hadats pertengahan dan hadats besar wajib mandi.


Bedanya dari pembagian yang pertama apa?


Perbedaannya:

Pembagian pertama dilihat dari cara mensucikannya. Kalau wajib wudlu' maka hadats kecil. Kalau wajib mandi maka hadats besar.


Sedangkan pembagian kedua dilihat dari perkara-perkara yang diharamkan saat sedang hadats tersebut. Detailnya:


Orang yang sedang hadats kecil haram melakukan 5 perkara: shalat, thawaf, khutbah, memegang al-Quran, dan membawa al-Quran.


Orang yang hadats pertengahan haram melakukan 8 perkara: shalat, thawaf, khutbah, memegang al-Quran, membawa al-Quran, membaca al-Quran, mondar mandir dalam masjid, dan berdiam diri di masjid.


Orang yang hadats besar haram melakukan 13 perkara: shalat, thawaf, khutbah, memegang al-Quran, membawa al-Quran, membaca al-Quran, mondar mandir dalam masjid, berdiam diri di masjid, puasa, talak, berhubungan suami istri, bersuci dari hadats atau untuk ibadah karena tala'ub (main-main), dan bersenang-senang antara pusar dan lutut.


Dalam kitab al-Iqdu ats-Tsamin, Syaikh Nawawi al-Bantani memberi judul pembahasan ini:

باب ما يحرم بالحدث الأصغر والمتوسط والأكبر


Wallahu A'lam

***


Kitab al-Iqdu ats-Tsamin karya Syaikh Nawawi al-Bantani ini termasuk kitan beliau yang langka dan jarang dikajikan di pesantren. Kitab ini mensyarah nadhaman al-Fath al-Mubin karya Syaikh Mustafa bin Utsman Garut, yang terkenal dengan nama Hasan Mustapa. 


Pembahasan al-Iqdu ats-Tsamin meliputi: Rukun Islam, Rukun Iman, Thaharah, Shalat, Zakat, Puasa dan Haji. Pada akhir pembahasan Syaikh Nawawi Banten juga membahas hukum fenomena khas Nusantara, yaitu memukul kentongan dan bedug.

Aqidah (40) Arbain (8) Distribusi (1) Fiqih (89) Hadist (34) Jenazah (4) Khotbah (1) Kisah Hikmah (11) Kisah Teladan (3) Kutipan (75) Pajak (5) Pasar (5) Pendidikan Islam (19) Penjualan (3) Pernikahan (5) Puasa (14) Qurban (1) Ramadhan (11) Segmentasi (1) Shalat (19) Soal Ekonomi (8) Soal PKn (5) Syubhat (5) Tafsir (5) Thaharah (1) Uraian (2) Zakat (1)