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Pertanyaan

Air Mutanajjis : Pengertian Dua Qullah

Jawaban:

 ๐€๐ข๐ซ ๐Œ๐ฎ๐ญ๐š๐ง๐š๐ฃ๐ข๐ฌ: ๐๐ž๐ง๐ ๐ž๐ซ๐ญ๐ข๐š๐ง ๐ƒ๐ฎ๐š ๐Š๐ฎ๐ฅ๐š๐ก


Jenis air yang ketiga adalah air mutanajis, yaitu air yang terkena benda najis. Dalam konteks terkena najis, kondisi air dibagi dua: pertama, jika volumenya kurang dari dua kulah, maka otomatis menjadi mutanajis. Kedua, jika air tersebut mencapai atau lebih dari dua kulah maka menjadi mutanajis hanya jika terjadi perubahan sifat. Al-Qฤแธฤซ Abu Syujฤ’ (w. 593 H) mengatakan:


ูˆَู‡ُูˆَ ุงู„َุฐِูŠْ ุญَู„َّุชْ ูِูŠْู‡ِ ู†َุฌَุงุณَุฉٌ ูˆَู‡ُูˆَ ุฏُูˆْู†َ ุงู„ู‚ُู„َّุชَูŠْู†ِ ุฃَูˆْ ูƒَุงู†َ ู‚ُู„َّุชَูŠْู†ِ ูَุชَุบَูŠَّุฑَ

 

“๐ด๐‘–๐‘Ÿ ๐‘š๐‘ข๐‘ก๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘Ž๐‘—๐‘–๐‘  ๐‘ฆ๐‘Ž๐‘–๐‘ก๐‘ข ๐‘Ž๐‘–๐‘Ÿ ๐‘ฆ๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘” ๐‘ก๐‘’๐‘Ÿ๐‘˜๐‘’๐‘›๐‘Ž ๐‘›๐‘Ž๐‘—๐‘–๐‘  ๐‘ ๐‘’๐‘š๐‘’๐‘›๐‘ก๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž (๐‘ฃ๐‘œ๐‘™๐‘ข๐‘š๐‘’๐‘›๐‘ฆ๐‘Ž) ๐‘˜๐‘ข๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘” ๐‘‘๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘– ๐‘‘๐‘ข๐‘Ž ๐‘˜๐‘ข๐‘™๐‘Žโ„Ž, ๐‘Ž๐‘ก๐‘Ž๐‘ข (๐‘š๐‘’๐‘›๐‘๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘Ž๐‘–) ๐‘‘๐‘ข๐‘Ž ๐‘˜๐‘ข๐‘™๐‘Žโ„Ž ๐‘™๐‘Ž๐‘™๐‘ข ๐‘๐‘’๐‘Ÿ๐‘ข๐‘๐‘Žโ„Ž (๐‘ ๐‘–๐‘“๐‘Ž๐‘ก๐‘›๐‘ฆ๐‘Ž).”


Air mutanajis, karena telah terkontaminasi najis, maka ia tidak dapat digunakan untuk bersuci.


๐ƒ๐ฎ๐š ๐Š๐ฎ๐ฅ๐š๐ก


Dua kulah ini menjadi penting dibahas karena dia merupakan ukuran atau batas yang ditetapkan syariat untuk membedakan antara air sedikit dan air banyak. Imam al-Nawawฤซ (w. 676 H) mengatakan:


ูˆَุถَุจَุทَ ุงู„ุดَّุฑْุนُ ุญَุฏَّ ุงู„ْู‚ِู„َّุฉِ ุจِู‚ُู„َّุชَูŠْู†ِ ูَุชَุนَูŠَّู†َ ุงุนْุชِู…َุงุฏُู‡ُ ูˆَู„َุง ูŠَุฌُูˆุฒُ ู„ِู…َู†ْ ุจَู„َุบَู‡ُ ุงู„ْุญَุฏِูŠุซُ ุงู„ْุนُุฏُูˆู„ُ ุนَู†ْู‡ُ

 

“๐‘†๐‘ฆ๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘–๐‘Ž๐‘ก ๐‘š๐‘’๐‘›๐‘—๐‘Ž๐‘‘๐‘–๐‘˜๐‘Ž๐‘› ๐‘๐‘Ž๐‘ก๐‘Ž๐‘  (๐‘ฃ๐‘œ๐‘™๐‘ข๐‘š๐‘’ ๐‘Ž๐‘–๐‘Ÿ) ๐‘ ๐‘’๐‘‘๐‘–๐‘˜๐‘–๐‘ก ๐‘‘๐‘’๐‘›๐‘”๐‘Ž๐‘› ๐‘๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘š๐‘’๐‘ก๐‘’๐‘Ÿ ๐‘‘๐‘ข๐‘Ž ๐‘˜๐‘ข๐‘™๐‘Žโ„Ž, ๐‘š๐‘Ž๐‘˜๐‘Ž ๐‘˜๐‘Ž๐‘‘๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ ๐‘–๐‘ก๐‘ข โ„Ž๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘ข๐‘  ๐‘š๐‘’๐‘›๐‘—๐‘Ž๐‘‘๐‘– ๐‘ ๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘‘๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘›, ๐‘ ๐‘’๐‘Ÿ๐‘ก๐‘Ž ๐‘ก๐‘–๐‘‘๐‘Ž๐‘˜ ๐‘๐‘œ๐‘™๐‘’โ„Ž ๐‘๐‘Ž๐‘”๐‘– ๐‘œ๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘” ๐‘ฆ๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘” ๐‘ ๐‘ข๐‘‘๐‘Žโ„Ž ๐‘š๐‘’๐‘›๐‘‘๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘Ž๐‘ก ๐‘–๐‘›๐‘“๐‘œ๐‘Ÿ๐‘š๐‘Ž๐‘ ๐‘– โ„Ž๐‘Ž๐‘‘๐‘–๐‘  ๐‘–๐‘›๐‘– ๐‘ข๐‘›๐‘ก๐‘ข๐‘˜ ๐‘๐‘’๐‘Ÿ๐‘๐‘Ž๐‘™๐‘–๐‘›๐‘” ๐‘‘๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘–๐‘›๐‘ฆ๐‘Ž.”


๐๐ž๐ง๐ ๐ž๐ซ๐ญ๐ข๐š๐ง ๐Š๐ฎ๐ฅ๐š๐ก


Kulah secara bahasa adalah wadah besar dari tembikar yang digunakan oleh orang Arab zaman dahulu untuk menyimpan air. al-Fayลซmi (w. 770 H) dalam kitabnya mengatakan:


ูˆَุงู„ْู‚ُู„َّุฉُ ุฅู†َุงุกٌ ู„ِู„ْุนَุฑَุจِ ูƒَุงู„ْุฌَุฑَّุฉِ ุงู„ْูƒَุจِูŠุฑَุฉِ ุดِุจْู‡ُ ุงู„ْุญُุจِّ ูˆَุงู„ْุฌَู…ْุนُ ู‚ِู„َุงู„ٌ

 

“๐พ๐‘ข๐‘™๐‘Žโ„Ž ๐‘Ž๐‘‘๐‘Ž๐‘™๐‘Žโ„Ž ๐‘ค๐‘Ž๐‘‘๐‘Žโ„Ž (๐‘ฆ๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘” ๐‘‘๐‘–๐‘๐‘Ž๐‘˜๐‘Ž๐‘–) ๐‘œ๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘” ๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘ ๐‘ ๐‘’๐‘๐‘’๐‘Ÿ๐‘ก๐‘– ๐‘˜๐‘’๐‘›๐‘‘๐‘– ๐‘๐‘’๐‘ ๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ ๐‘š๐‘–๐‘Ÿ๐‘–๐‘ ๐‘”๐‘’๐‘›๐‘ก๐‘œ๐‘›๐‘”. ๐ต๐‘’๐‘›๐‘ก๐‘ข๐‘˜ ๐‘—๐‘Ž๐‘š๐‘Ž๐‘˜๐‘›๐‘ฆ๐‘Ž ๐‘Ž๐‘‘๐‘Ž๐‘™๐‘Žโ„Ž ๐‘ž๐‘–๐‘™๐‘Ž๐‘™”


Dalam mazhab Syฤfi’i, kulah digunakan sebagai ukuran untuk menentukan banyak atau sedikitnya air: air yang kurang dari dua kulah disebut air sedikit, sementara air yang mencapai dua kulah disebut air banyak.

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