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Pertanyaan

Praktek Sujud Sahwi oleh Imam Madzhab

Jawaban:

Dalam Bulughul Maram setidaknya ada empat cara sujud sahwi yang pernah dilakukan oleh Rasulullah:

  1. Dua sujud sebelum salam karena lupa tasyahhud awal.
  2. Dua sujud setelah salam karena lupa rakaat, 2 rakaat langsung salam padahal harusnya 4 rakaat.
  3. Dua sujud sebelum tasyahhud, lalu tasyahhud kemudian salam.
  4. Dua sujud setelah salam lalu kemudian salam lagi.

Dari ragam praktik yang dilakukan oleh Rasulullah ini para ulama akhirnya berbeda pendapat terkait sujud sahwi ini.

  1. Mazhab Syafi'i menyatakan sujud sahwi semuanya sehelum salam karena ia bagian dari shalat, dan definisi shalat itu diawali dengan takbir dan ditutup dengan salam sehingga sujud sahwi haruslah sebelum salam. Adapun tentang hadis sujud setelah salam mereka memandang bahwa itu karena Rasulullah baru inget setelah salam, kalo ingetnya sebelum salam maka akan sujud sebelum salam.
  2. Mazhab Hanafi kebalikan dari mazhab Syafi'i, semua sujud sahwi itu setelah salam, ia dilakukan di luar shalat karena ia tambahan dari shalat.
  3. Mazhab Hanbali ini normatif, ikut sesuai hadis saja, kasus lupa tasyahud awal berarti sebelum salam, kasus lupa rakaat berarti setelah salam.
  4. Mazhab Maliki hampir seperti Hanbali, kalo lupa karena kurang maka sebelum salam kalo lupa karena lebih maka setelah salam.

Kasus ini adalah contoh perbedaan pendapat antara para ulama yang disebabkan karena faktor sumber syariat itu sendiri: riwayat yang menghadirkan informasi yang berbeda2 hingga para ulama berbeda dalam menyikapinya.

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